Ethical Relativism Is An Unsound And Unreliable Ethical...

Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Mohammed Jweihan Ethics for a Global Economy Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Cultural and ethical relativisms are widely used theories that explain differences among cultures and their ethics and morals. Morality deals with individual character and the moral rules that are meant to govern and limit one’s character. On the other hand Ethics is somewhat interchangeable with morals, but it actually defines the principles of right conduct, thus to some extent, enlarging its scope to a societal or communal level. Ideally, ethics play a vital role in determining the dos and don’ts when dealing with the society. This essay will discuss what ethical realism is, analyzing why ethical relativism is unsound and unreliable in relation to the relevant evidence and literature, providing valid reason to ascertain why this is the case. Ethical realism This is a doctrine that bases its arguments in the fact that there are no universal absolute truths in ethics and that what is morally right or wrong varies from person to person or from society to society. Ethical relativism is a similar concept, based specifically on the ethics of a culture and how they are related to those of other cultures (Kluckhohn, 2011). Herodotus, the Greek historian advanced this view when he observed that different societies have different customs and that each person thinks that his customs are

The Endocrine System And Type 2 Diabetes - 1224 Words

Introduction This report will focus on the endocrine system and how it is supporting the body to function well. The link between the effects of the endocrine system and type 2 diabetes will be highlighted. A clear distinction of normal endocrine functions will be explained and in addition the effects due to the condition of type 2 diabetes. The normal human body consists of two main systems which work together to sustain homeostasis. The two systems involved are the nervous system and the endocrine system. (1) The endocrine system includes of specific tissues and glands which secrete chemical messengers to the body called hormones. The glands are aided by the nervous system and chemical receptors in the blood and other hormones produced by other glands. Hormones regulate many functions of the body such as cellular metabolism, reproduction, sugar and mineral homeostasis and digestion. One gland which has an important role in the endocrine system is the pancreas which is an organ in the upper abdomen. The pancreas has two main functions the pancreas excretes enzymes to break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates and nucleic acids in food therefore functions as an exocrine gland. The hormone insulin and glucagon are produced in this organ and serve as an endocrine gland .The function of these hormones being created are controlling blood sugar levels. Diabetes type 2 A type of disease that is caused by lack of normal functioning of the endocrine system is type 2 diabetes.Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Endocrine System1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe endocrine system is a group of glands distributed throughout the human body. This group of glands secretes substances called hormones. These hormones discharge into the bloodstream (Shier, Butler Lewis, 2009). The endocrine system does not have a single anatomic location. It is dispersed throughout the human body. The final purpose of this system is to control, regulate, and coà ¶rdinate the functioning of the human body (p.291). Some body functions can be activated or inhibited by hormones,Read MoreDiabetes Is The Most Common Form Of Diabetes1095 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes in general is when there is a problem with your body that causes the blood glucose (sugar) to rise higher than they normally would. This can also be known as Hyperglycemia. Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic condition and will affe ct the way the body processes the blood sugar (glucose). Type 2 Diabetes can also be known as Adult Onset Diabetes. In 90%-95% of all diabetic cases, Type 2 Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. A person typically gets diabetes after the age of 40, but anyoneRead MoreThe Diabetes Epidemic895 Words   |  4 Pages Diabetes ranks in as the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (FastStats, 2013).This disorder is known to be common, disabling and deadly. There are multiple types of diabetes including: type I, type II, and gestational diabetes (Diabetes, 2011).Diabetes is a lifelong disorder that has no known cure but with proper care can be kept under control for the affected person’s entire life. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder (NDIC).When a person is diagnosed with diabetes it means their bodyRead MoreEssay on Bio lap report endocrine system1351 Words   |  6 Pages The Endocrine System Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0023-01-01 Purpose What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. The purpose of this exercise is to point out the major endocrine structures and being able to identify them and understand their functionsRead More The Endocrine System Essay1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe endocrine system is a group of glands distributed throughout the human body. This group of glands secretes substances called hormones. These hormones are dumping into the bloodstream (Shier, Butler Lewis, 2009). The endocrine system does not have a single anatomic location. It is dispersed throughout the human body. The final purpose of this process is to control, regulate, and coordinate the functioning of the human body. Some body functions can be activated or inhibited by hormones, whichRead MoreDiabetes : An Endocrine System Disorder1210 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus, or better known as Diabetes, is an endocrine system disorder. In this case, your body is unable to produce enough or any insulin at all. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, has a very important role. Wh en sugar is ingested from food, it is turned into energy for the cells in our body. Without insulin, the transfer of sugar into the cells would be compromised. Insulin is also vital to keep the right balance of sugar in the bloodstream (Hess-Fischl, 2015). If too much insulinRead MoreThe Endocrine System Is Made Up Of Cells And Glands That1137 Words   |  5 Pages The endocrine system is made up of cells and glands that make hormones and release them into the blood. These hormones help to regulate reproduction, sleep, metabolism, cell growth, and development. The word endocrine is a derivative from two Greek words: â€Å"endo†, which means within or inside, and â€Å"krinis†, which is a verb for secrete. In the endocrine system, there are different glands that each excrete different hormones. All of these glands are ductless, and secrete their hormones straightRead MoreFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1005 Words   |  5 PagesFactors Affecting Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). SymptomsRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes851 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes comes in multiple forms: type 1, or diabetes insipidus; type 2, or diabetes mellitus; or gestational, which occurs during pregnancy and may be either type 1 or type 2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the person has high blood glucose. (Blood glucose is also know was blood sugar.) When the person has high blood sugar it’s either because the insulin result is insufficient, or the body’s cells don’t respond to the insulin like it should, or both can happen. There are different types ofRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes729 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a condition characterized by the presence of sugar in the urine, due to malfunction of pancreatic cells. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease and is characterized by elevated blood glucose (blood sugar) over 100 mg / l. The disease affects all ages and can be classified as follows: a) Type I or insulin-dependent, more common in children and young people; b) Type II or non-insulino-dependent, in mature people over 40 years. Diabetes occurs due to several causes: *Pancreatic

The Federal Emergency Management Agency - 1403 Words

Definition of ‘crisis’ from the on-line dictionary defines the word as â€Å"a condition of instability or danger, as in social, economic, political, or international affairs, leading to a decisive change†. (Dictionary, n.d.). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has created a chart in which there are several criteria for determining when a situation is qualified as a disaster, only then, may federal aid be available to the communities. According to authors Timothy Sellnow and Matthew Seeger, the criteria allow â€Å"the FEMA to assess the relative magnitude of disruption and harm created by any event† (Sellnow Seeger 2013, 4), so that it can be determined how much and what form of assistance the community may require. Some of the†¦show more content†¦(Sellnow Segger 2013, 10). Over the years, communications developed and broader concepts were created, many from lessons learned over the years. Hurricane Katrina brought to light the defi ciencies of emergency communication systems. In the Hurricane Katrina: Lessons Learned put out by the Bush administration in 2006, noted that the Department of Homeland Security reports described the emergency communications infrastructure as ‘non-existent’ and that Katrina devastated other communication infrastructures across the Gulf Coast, â€Å"incapacitating telephone and cell service, police and fire dispatch centers, and emergency radio systems†. (White House 2006). Katrina hit its second landfall on Monday, August 29, 2005 and because of the widespread destruction of the communication infrastructures, authoritative reporting, which â€Å"incapacitation of many State and local responders, and the lack of Federal representatives in the city. As a result, local, State, and Federal officials were forced to depend on a variety of conflicting reports from a combination of media, government and private sources, many of which continued to provide inaccurate or incomplete information throughout the day, further clouding the understanding of what was occurring in New Orleans†. (Ibid). Communications are a necessary and critical to manage the potential

Buddys Snack free essay sample

The case mention on 3 persons. The first person is Lynda Lewis is a very laborious employee of the company. She gets herself fully involved in the work and doesn’t hesitate in seeking advice. She is always cheerful and focuses on giving more than 100% output. The second person is Michael Benjamin is satisfied with the company he is working with. And the last person is Kyle Sherbo had shown tremendous performance in the last three years by being among the top salespersons in the company. He had a good rapport with Buddy Jr. and was helpful to Mark when he joined the business. Kyle possessed the quality of being promoted as sales manager. 2. Case study descriptions 2. 1 Buddy’s Snack Company Buddy’s Snack Company is a family-owned company located in the Rocky Mountains. Buddy Forest started the business in 1951 by selling homemade potato chips out of the back of his pickup truck. Now, Buddy’s is a $36 million snack-food company that is struggling to regain market share lost to Frito-Lay and other fierce competitors. In the early eighties, Buddy passed the business onto his son, Buddy Jr. , who is currently grooming his son, Mark, to succeed himself as head of the company. Six months ago, Mark joined Buddy’s Snack as a salesperson and after four months was quickly promoted to sales manager. Mark recently graduated from a local university with an M. B. A. in the marketing, and Buddy Jr. was hoping that Mark would be able to implement strategies that could help turn the company around. One of Mark’s initial strategies was to introduce a new sales performance management system. As part of this approach, any salesperson who receives a below average performance rating would be required to attend a mandatory coaching session with his or her supervisor. Mark Forest is hoping that these coaching sessions will motivate his employees to increase their sales. This case describes the reaction of three salespeople who have been required to attend a coaching session because of their low performance over the previous quarter. 2. 2 Lynda Lewis Lynda is a hard worker who takes pride in her work ethic. She has spent a lot of time reading the training material and learning selling techniques, viewing training videos on her own time, and accompanying top salespeople on their calls. Lynda has no problem asking for advice and doing whatever needs to be done to learn the business. Everyone agrees that Lynda has a cheery attitude and is a real team player, giving the company 150 percent at all times. It has been a tough quarter for Lynda due to the downturn in the economy, but she is doing her best to make sales for the company. Lynda doesn’t feel that failure to make quota during this past quarter is due to lack of effort, but just bad luck in the economy. She is hopeful that things will turn around in the next quarter Lynda is upset with Mark for having to attend the coaching session, because this is the first time in the three years that her sales quota has not been met. Although Lynda is willing to do whatever it takes to be successful, she is concerned that the coaching sessions will be held on a Saturday. Doesn’t Mark realize that Lynda has to raise three boys by herself and that weekends are an important time for her family? Because Lynda is a dedicated employee she will somehow manage to rearrange the family schedule. Lynda is now very concerned about how her efforts are being perceived by Mark. After all, she exceeded the sales quota from the previous quarter yet had not received a â€Å"thank you† or â€Å"good job† for those efforts. The entire experience has left Lynda unmotivated and questioning her future with the company. 2. 3 Michael Benjamin Michael is happy to have his job at Buddy’s Snack Company, although he really doesn’t like sales work that much. Michael accepted this position because he felt that he wouldn’t have to work hard and would have a lot of free time during the day. Michael was sent to coaching mainly because his customer satisfaction reports were low; in fact, they were the lowest in the company. Michael tends to give canned presentations and does not listen closely to the customer’s needs. Consequently, Michael makes numerous errors in new sales orders, which delays shipments and loses business and goodwill for Buddy’s Snack Company. Michael doesn’t really care since most of his customers do not spend much money and he doesn’t think it is worth his while. There has been a recent change in the company commission structure. Instead of selling to the warehouse stores and possibly earning a high commission, Michael is now forced to sell to lower-volume convenience stores. In other words, he will have to sell twice as much product to earn the same amount of money. Michael does not think this change in commission is fair and feels that the coaching session will be a waste of time. He feels that the other members of the sales team are getting all of the good leads and that is why they are so successful. Michael doesn’t socialize with others in the office and attributes others’ success and promotions to â€Å"who they know† in the company rather than the fact that they are hard workers. He feels that no matter how much effort is put into the job, he will never adequately rewarded. 2. 4 Kyle Sherbo For three of the last five years Kyle was the number one salesperson in the division and had hopes of being promoted to sales manager. When Mark joined the company, Kyle worked closely with Buddy Jr. to help Mark learn all facets of the business. Kyle thought this close relationship with Buddy Jr. would assure his upcoming promotion to the coveted position of sales manager and was devastated to learn that Mark received the promotion that he thought was his During the past quarter, there was a noticeable change in Kyle’s worked habits. It had become commonplace for Kyle to be late for appointments, miss them entire entirely, or not return phone calls or follow up on leads. His sales performance declined dramatically, which resulted in a drastic loss of income. Although Kyle had been dedicated and fiercely loyal to Buddy Jr. and the company for many years, he is now looking for other employment. Buddy’s Snacks is located in a rural community, which leaves Kyle with limited job opportunities. He was, however, offered a position as a sales manager with a competing company in a larger town, but Kyle’s wife refuse to leave the area because of her strong family ties. Kyle is bitter and resentful of his current situation and now faces a mandatory coaching session that will be conducted by Mark. | | 3. Question and Answer 1. You have met three employees of Buddy’s Snacks. Explain how each employee’s situation relates to equity theory. 2. Explain the motivation of these three employees in terms of the expectancy theory of motivation. Lynda Lewis’s Case In Lynda’s case, she is upset with the reward that she get after her sales. She always uses all of her effort in every case but still, she doesn’t get as much reward as her expectation. According to the equity theory, Lynda’s feel under reward because even in the previous quarter that her sales met quota but she didn’t get any extoller from her boss. For the expectancy of motivation, Lynda has high in E-to-P expectancy and P-to-O expectancy. She put all of her effort in order to get a high performance also high performance will lead to high outcome. However, her outcome valances are low because of external factors likes bad economic etc. In order to motivate Lynda, the first thing is to give her some admire because she feel slight that her hard work doesn’t get any admiration. Mark may also can make she feel comfortable about her sales that didn’t met quota because of external factors. The second thing that Mark need is to make her schedule more flexible in order to give her a free time with her family during weekend. Michael Benjamin’s Case In Michael’s case, he is an easy going person. He has a low effort and performance of work. He chose this job because he thinks that he doesn’t need to work hard and he will has a lot of free time during day. However, after the change of a commission structure, he was forced to sell more than efore to get the same paid and he think this system is unfair. According to the equity theory, Michael feels’ that he was under reward but in our opinion, we think he is in situation that neither under-reward nor over-reward because sales is the job that get paid as much as the work. Michael doesn’t has a good performance at first before the company has change commission structure, when it change, he know that he need to do more work but he doesn’t want to. Michael has low in all E-to-P, P-to-O and the outcome valances Kyle Sherbo’s Case Kyle has been number one salesperson for many years. He was the person who works with Mark and Buddy Jr. when they work as a salesperson. He also has close relationship with them. He has aim to be sales manager for a long time so he was very upset when Mark got this position instead of him. His work habit change after that. He became lazy and lost effort of work. He also looking for the other company instead of Buddy’s Snack but the only reason that he still stay is because his wife doesn’t want to change place. According to equity theory, Kyle feel that he was under reward. He put much effort in order to become a sales manager but Mark got this position instead of him. By the Expectancy theory, Kyle also change very much. Before Mark becomes sales manager, his E-to-P and P-to-O are high and outcome valances is not as high as the other two. But after Mark becomes sales manager, Kyle’s E-to-P and P-to-O are low because he has lost his goal to other. He lost motivation to continue working with Buddy’s Snack and he feel that all that he has done are for nothing.